ORCA community based research project: enhancing stewardship capacity

Introduction -- Purpose -- Scope -- Technical barriers. Water quality. Best management practices. Legislation and application. Professional advice -- Poor planning and installation. Perched crossings. Shallow water depth. Undersized crossing -- Indicators of stream crossing concern. Debris accumulation. Low flow. Unnatural bed materials. Scourng and erosion. High flow. Ponding -- Best Management Practices (BMP) for streams and small scale-stream crossings. Seasonal construction windows. Prevent deleterious substances from entering streams. Erosion and sediment control. Riparian zone protection. Cattle mitigation. Crossing maintenance -- Types of stream crossings. Low level crossings. Raised crossings. Culverts -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendix. Obtaining approvals: Information requirements. Common consequence of poor stream crossings.